I-LED, eyaziwa ngokuba ngumthombo wokukhanyisa wesizukulwana sesine okanye umthombo wokukhanya okuluhlaza, ineempawu zokonga amandla, ukukhuselwa kwendalo, ixesha elide lokuphila, kunye nobukhulu obuncinci. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo ezifana nesalathiso, umboniso, umhombiso, ukukhanya kwangasemva, ukukhanya okuqhelekileyo, kunye nemiboniso yasebusuku yasezidolophini. Ngokwemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yokusetyenziswa, inokwahlulwa ibe ngamacandelo amahlanu: umboniso wolwazi, izibane zesignali, izixhobo zokukhanyisa iimoto, ukukhanya kwesikrini se-LCD, kunye nokukhanyisa ngokubanzi.
Izibane ze-LED eziqhelekileyo zineziphene ezifana nokukhanya okunganeleyo, okukhokelela ekuthandweni okunganeleyo. Uhlobo lwamandla izibane ze-LED zinezibonelelo ezinjengokukhanya okuphezulu kunye nobomi benkonzo ende, kodwa banobunzima bobugcisa obufana nokupakishwa. Apha ngezantsi lucazululo olufutshane lwezinto ezichaphazela ukukhanya kokuvuna ukusebenza kakuhle kohlobo lwamandla okupakishwa kwe-LED.

1. Iteknoloji yokutshatyalaliswa kobushushu
Kwii-diode ezikhupha ukukhanya eziqulunqwe yi-PN junctions, xa i-front current ihamba nge-PN junction, i-PN junction ifumana ilahleko yobushushu. Lo bushushu bugqithiselwa emoyeni ngokusebenzisa i-adhesive, i-encapsulation materials, i-heat sinks, njl. Ngexesha le nkqubo, inxalenye nganye yezinto eziphathekayo ine-impedance ye-thermal ekhusela ukuhamba kobushushu, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-thermal resistance. Ukumelana ne-thermal lixabiso elisisigxina elinqunywe ngubukhulu, isakhiwo, kunye nezixhobo zesixhobo.
Ukucinga ukuba ukuxhathisa kwe-thermal ye-diode ekhupha ukukhanya yi-Rth (℃ / W) kunye namandla okutshatyalaliswa kobushushu yiPD (W), ukunyuka kobushushu be-PN junction okubangelwa ukulahlekelwa bubushushu bangoku:
T (℃)=Rth&TImes; PD
Ubushushu besiphambuka se-PN bu:
TJ=TA+Rth&TImes; PD
Phakathi kwazo, i-TA bubushushu be-ambient. Ngenxa yokunyuka kobushushu be-junction, amathuba okuba i-PN junction luminescence recombination iyancipha, okubangela ukuncipha kokukhanya kwe-diode ekhupha ukukhanya. Okwangoku, ngenxa yokunyuka kweqondo lokushisa okubangelwa ukulahleka kobushushu, ukukhanya kwe-diode ekhupha ukukhanya akusayi kuqhubeka nokunyuka ngokulinganayo kunye nekhoyo ngoku, ebonisa into eyenziwa yi-thermal saturation. Ukongeza, njengoko ubushushu besiphambuka busanda, i-wavelength encochoyi yokukhanya okukhutshiweyo nayo iya kutshintshela kumaza amaza amade, malunga ne-0.2-0.3 nm/℃. Kwii-LED ezimhlophe ezifunyenwe ngokuxuba i-YAG fluorescent powder eqatywe ngeetshiphusi eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ukukhukuliseka kokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuya kubangela ukungalingani kunye nokuphakama kwamaza obushushu bomgubo wefluorescent, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswe ukusebenza kakuhle okukhanyayo kwee-LED ezimhlophe kwaye kubangele utshintsho kumbala wokukhanya omhlophe. ubushushu.
Ngamandla ombane okhupha ukukhanya, amandla okuqhuba ngokuqhelekileyo angamakhulu amaninzi e-milliamps okanye ngaphezulu, kwaye ubuninzi bangoku be-PN junction buphezulu kakhulu, ngoko ukunyuka kobushushu be-PN junction kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukupakishwa kunye nokusetyenziswa, indlela yokunciphisa ukuxhathisa kwe-thermal yemveliso ukwenzela ukuba ubushushu obuvezwe yi-PN junction bunokuchithwa ngokukhawuleza kunokwenzeka ukuba ungaphuculi kuphela ukuzaliseka kwangoku kunye nokusebenza okukhanyayo kwemveliso, kodwa nokunyusa ukuthembeka kunye ubomi bemveliso. Ukuze kuncitshiswe ukuxhathisa kwe-thermal yemveliso, ukukhethwa kwezinto zokupakisha kubaluleke kakhulu, kubandakanywa i-thermal sinks, i-adhesives, njl. Okwesibini, uyilo lwesakhiwo kufuneka lube nengqiqo, kunye nokuhamba ngokuqhubekayo kwe-thermal conductivity phakathi kwezinto kunye nokudibanisa okuhle kwe-thermal phakathi kwezinto zokuthintela ukutshatyalaliswa kobushushu kwiibhodlela ze-thermal kunye nokuqinisekisa ukutshatyalaliswa kobushushu ukusuka ngaphakathi ukuya kumacandelo angaphandle. Ngexesha elifanayo, kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukusuka kwinkqubo yokuba ukushisa kuchithwa ngexesha elifanelekileyo ngokweendlela zokutshatyalaliswa kokushisa kwangaphambili.

2. Ukukhethwa kokugcwalisa i-adhesive
Ngokomthetho we-refraction, xa ukukhanya kusenzeka kwi-dense medium ukuya kwi-sparse medium, ukukhutshwa okupheleleyo kwenzeka xa i-angle yesiganeko ifikelela kwixabiso elithile, oko kukuthi, elikhulu okanye elilingana ne-angle ebaluleke kakhulu. Kwi-chips ze-GaN eziluhlaza, isalathisi se-refractive sezinto ze-GaN yi-2.3. Xa ukukhanya kukhutshwa ngaphakathi kwekristale ukuya emoyeni, ngokomthetho we-refraction, i-angle ebalulekileyo θ 0=sin-1 (n2/n1).
Phakathi kwabo, i-n2 ilingana ne-1, eyi-index refractive yomoya, kunye ne-n1 yi-index refractive ye-GaN. Ngoko ke, i-angle ebalulekileyo θ 0 ibalwa malunga ne-25.8 degrees. Kule meko, ukukhanya kuphela okunokukhutshwa kukukhanya ngaphakathi kwendawo eqinile ye-angle ye-≤ 25.8 degrees. Ngokweengxelo, ukusebenza kwe-quantum yangaphandle yeetships ze-GaN okwangoku kujikeleze i-30% -40%. Ngoko ke, ngenxa yokufakwa kwangaphakathi kwekristale ye-chip, umlinganiselo wokukhanya onokuthi ukhutshwe ngaphandle kwekristale uncinci kakhulu. Ngokweengxelo, ukusebenza kwe-quantum yangaphandle yeetships ze-GaN okwangoku kujikeleze i-30% -40%. Ngokufanayo, ukukhanya okukhutshwe yi-chip kufuneka kudlule kwizinto zokupakisha kwaye kudluliselwe esikhaleni, kunye nefuthe lezinto ezibonakalayo ekusebenzeni kakuhle kokuvuna ukukhanya nazo kufuneka ziqwalaselwe.
Ngoko ke, ukuze kuphuculwe ukukhanya kokuvuna ukupakishwa kwemveliso ye-LED, kuyimfuneko ukwandisa ixabiso le-n2, oko kukuthi, ukunyusa i-index refractive yempahla yokupakisha, ukwenzela ukwandisa i-angle ebalulekileyo yemveliso kwaye ngaloo ndlela. phucula ukupakishwa kobuchule obukhanyayo bemveliso. Ngexesha elifanayo, izinto ze-encapsulation kufuneka zibe nokukhanya okuncinci kokukhanya. Ukuze ukwandise umlinganiselo wokukhanya okukhutshwayo, kungcono ukuba ube ne-arched okanye i-hemispherical shape yokupakisha. Ngale ndlela, xa ukukhanya kukhutshwa kwizinto zokupakisha ukuya emoyeni, kuphantse kube yi-perpendicular kwi-interface kwaye akusayi kuphinda kubonakaliswe ngokupheleleyo.

3. Ukulungiswa komfanekiso
Kukho imiba emibini ephambili yonyango lokubonisa: enye yonyango lokubonakalisa ngaphakathi kwe-chip, kwaye enye ibonakaliso yokukhanya ngempahla yokupakisha. Ngonyango lwangaphakathi nangaphandle lokubonisa, umlinganiselo wokukhanya ophuma ngaphakathi kwi-chip uyanda, ukufunxa ngaphakathi kwe-chip kuyancipha, kunye nokusebenza okukhanyayo kwamandla emveliso ye-LED kuphuculwe. Ngokuphathelele ukupakishwa, uhlobo lwamandla e-LEDs luhlala luhlanganisa iitshiphusi zohlobo lwamandla kwizibiyeli zentsimbi okanye ii-substrates ezinemingxuma ekhanyayo. Uhlobo lwesibiyeli lomngxunya obonakalisayo ludla ngokutyalwa ukuze kuphuculwe isiphumo sokubonisa, ngelixa i-substrate uhlobo lomngxunya obonakalisayo luhlala lupholishiwe kwaye lunokungena kunyango lwe-electroplating ukuba iimeko zivuma. Nangona kunjalo, ezi ndlela zimbini zonyango zichaphazelekayo ngokuchaneka kwesikhunta kunye nenkqubo, kwaye i-cavity ebonakalisiweyo esetyenzisiweyo inesiphumo esithile sokubonakalisa, kodwa ayifanelekanga. Okwangoku, kwimveliso yohlobo lwe-substrate ye-reflection cavities e-China, ngenxa yokunganeli kokuchaneka kokupholisha okanye i-oxidation yeengubo zetsimbi, umphumo wokubonakalisa umbi. Oku kubangela ukuba ukukhanya okuninzi kutsalwe emva kokufikelela kwindawo ebonakalisayo, engenakubonakaliswa kwindawo ekhupha ukukhanya njengoko kulindelekile, okukhokelela ekuvuneni okuphantsi kokukhanya emva kokupakishwa kokugqibela.

4. Ukukhethwa kunye nokuTyatywa kweFluorescent Powder
Kumandla amhlophe e-LED, ukuphuculwa kokusebenza okukhanyayo kuhambelana nokukhethwa kwe-fluorescent powder kunye nonyango lwenkqubo. Ukuze kuphuculwe ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-fluorescent powder excitation of blue chips, ukukhethwa kwe-fluorescent powder kufuneka kube ngokufanelekileyo, kubandakanywa ubude be-excitation wavelength, ubukhulu be-particle size, i-excitation performance, njl., kunye novavanyo olubanzi kufuneka luqhutywe ukuqwalasela izinto ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza. Okwesibini, ukugquma komgubo wefluorescent kufuneka kufane, kukhethwa ubukhulu obufanayo bomaleko wokuncamathelisa kwindawo nganye ekhupha ukukhanya kwetshiphu, ukunqanda ubukhulu obungalinganiyo obunokubangela ukuba ukukhanya kwendawo kungakwazi ukukhutshwa, kunye nokuphucula ukukhanya. umgangatho wendawo yokukhanya.

Isishwankathelo:
Uyilo olulungileyo lokuphelisa ubushushu ludlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kakuhle okukhanyayo kweemveliso ze-LED zamandla, kwaye ikwayimfuneko yokuqinisekisa ubomi bemveliso kunye nokuthembeka. Umjelo owenziwe kakuhle wokukhutshwa kokukhanya, ogxininise kuyilo lwesakhiwo, ukukhethwa kwezinto eziphathekayo, kunye nenkqubo yokunyangwa kwee-cavities ezikhanyayo, ukuzaliswa kwe-adhesives, njl., kunokuphucula ngokufanelekileyo ukuvuna ukukhanya kohlobo lwamandla e-LEDs. Kuhlobo lwamandla olumhlophe lwe-LED, ukhetho lomgubo wefluorescent kunye noyilo lwenkqubo lubalulekile ekuphuculeni ubungakanani bendawo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle okukhanyayo.