I-GaP yokuqala kunye ne-GaAsP ye-homojunction ebomvu, etyheli, kunye nohlaza oluphantsi olukhanyayo lwee-LEDs ngo-1970s zisetyenziswe kwizibane zesalathisi, idijithali kunye nokuboniswa kwesicatshulwa. Ukususela ngoko, i-LED yaqala ukungena kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zezicelo, kuquka i-aerospace, inqwelomoya, iimoto, izicelo zoshishino, unxibelelwano, iimveliso zabathengi, njl., ezibandakanya amacandelo ahlukeneyo oqoqosho lwelizwe kunye namawakawaka amakhaya. Ngo-1996, ukuthengiswa kwe-LED emhlabeni wonke kwakufikelele kwiibhiliyoni zeedola. Nangona ii-LED zikhawulelwe ngumbala kunye nokusebenza kakuhle okukhanyayo iminyaka emininzi, i-GaP kunye ne-GaAsLED ziye zathandwa ngabasebenzisi ngenxa yokuphila ixesha elide, ukuthembeka okuphezulu, ukusebenza okuphantsi kwangoku, ukuhambelana ne-TTL kunye ne-CMOS iisekethe zedijithali, kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi ezintle.
Kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo, ukukhanya okuphezulu kunye nombala ogcweleyo kuye kwaba yizihloko eziphambili kuphando lwezixhobo ze-LED kunye nobuchwepheshe besixhobo. Ukukhanya okuphezulu okuphezulu (UHB) kubhekiselele kwi-LED enokuqina okukhanyayo kwe-100mcd okanye ngaphezulu, eyaziwa ngokuba yiCandela (cd) yenqanaba le-LED. Inkqubela phambili yophuhliso lokukhanya okuphezulu kwe-A1GaInP kunye ne-InGaNFED ikhawuleza kakhulu, kwaye ngoku ifikelele kwinqanaba lokusebenza ukuba izinto eziqhelekileyo ze-GaA1As, i-GaAsP, kunye ne-GaP ayinakuyifumana. Ngo-1991, i-Toshiba yaseJapan kunye ne-HP yase-United States yavelisa i-InGaA1P620nm e-orenji yokukhanya kwe-ultra-high ukukhanya kwe-LED, kwaye ngo-1992, i-InGaA1P590nm yokukhanya okuqaqambileyo kwe-LED yasetyenziswa ngokubonakalayo. Kwangalo nyaka mnye, uToshiba waphuhlisa i-InGaA1P573nm etyheli eluhlaza kunye nokukhanya okuphezulu okuphezulu kwe-LED enokukhanya okuqhelekileyo kwe-2cd. Ngo-1994, i-Nichia Corporation yaseJapan yavelisa i-InGaN450nm eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (eluhlaza) i-ultra-high ukukhanya kwe-LED. Okwangoku, imibala emithathu yokuqala efunekayo kumboniso wombala, obomvu, oluhlaza, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kunye nee-orenji kunye nee-LED ezimthubi, zonke zifikelele kwinqanaba le-Candela elikhanyayo, lifumana ukukhanya okuphezulu okuphezulu kunye nombala ogcweleyo, wenza ngaphandle ngokupheleleyo- umboniso wombala weetyhubhu ezikhupha ukukhanya yinyani. Ukuphuhliswa kwe-LED kwilizwe lethu kwaqala ngo-1970, kwaye ishishini lavela ngo-1980. Kukho amashishini angaphezu kwe-100 kwilizwe lonke, kunye ne-95% yabavelisi ababandakanyeka kwimveliso yokupakisha emva, kwaye phantse zonke iitshiphusi ezifunekayo zithunyelwa ngaphandle. Ngokusebenzisa “IziCwangciso zeMinyaka emiHlanu” ezininzi zotshintsho lwezobuchwepheshe, impumelelo yobuchwepheshe, ukwaziswa kwezixhobo ezihambele phambili zangaphandle kunye nobunye ubugcisa obuphambili, iteknoloji yemveliso ye-LED yaseTshayina ithathe inyathelo eliya phambili.

1, Ukusebenza kokukhanya okuphezulu okuphezulu kwe-LED:
Xa kuthelekiswa ne-GaAsP GaPLED, i-ultra-high-lightness ebomvu i-A1GaAsLED inokukhanya okuphezulu okusebenzayo, kunye nokusebenza okukhanyayo kokukhanya okuphantsi okucacileyo (TS) i-A1GaAsLED (640nm) isondele kwi-10lm / w, amaxesha angama-10 amakhulu kune-GaAsP GaPLED ebomvu. Ukukhanya okuphezulu kakhulu kwe-InGaAlPLED ibonelela ngemibala efanayo ne-GaAsP GaPLED, kubandakanywa: umthubi oluhlaza (560nm), umthubi oluhlaza okhanyayo (570nm), umthubi (585nm), umthubi okhanyayo (590nm), orenji (605nm), kunye nokukhanya okubomvu (625nm) , ebomvu nzulu (640nm)). Ukuthelekisa ukusebenza okukhanyayo kwe-substrate ye-transparent A1GaInPLED kunye nezinye izakhiwo ze-LED kunye nemithombo yokukhanya kwe-incandescent, ukukhanya okukhanyayo kwe-InGaAlPLED ethatha i-substrate (AS) yi-101m / w, kunye nokusebenza okukhanyayo kwe-transparent substrate (TS) yi-201m / w, eyi-10 -Amaxesha angama-20 aphezulu kunalawo e-GaAsP GaPLED kuluhlu lwe-wavelength ye 590-626nm; Kuluhlu lwe-wavelength ye-560-570, ngamaxesha angama-2-4 aphezulu kune-GaAsP GaPLED. Ukukhanya okuphezulu kakhulu kwe-InGaNFED kunika ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunye nohlaza, kunye ne-wavelength range ye-450-480nm eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-500nm eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kunye ne-520nm eluhlaza; Ukusebenza kwayo okukhanyayo yi-3-151m/w. Ukusebenza okukhanyayo okukhoyo ngoku kwee-ultra-high ezikhazimlayo ze-LED zigqithise ezo zibane ze-incandescent ezinezihluzo, kwaye zinokubuyisela izibane ze-incandescent ngamandla angaphantsi kwe-1 watt. Ngaphezu koko, izibane ze-LED zinokuthatha indawo yezibane ze-incandescent kunye namandla angaphantsi kwe-150 watts. Kwiinkqubo ezininzi, ii-incandescent bulbs zisebenzisa izihluzi ukufumana imibala ebomvu, i-orenji, eluhlaza, kunye nebhlowu, ngelixa usebenzisa ii-LED eziqaqambe kakhulu zinokufikelela umbala ofanayo. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ii-LED ezikhanyayo eziphezulu ezenziwe nge-AlGaInP kunye ne-InGaN izixhobo ziye zadibanisa ezininzi (ezibomvu, eziluhlaza, eziluhlaza) kunye ne-ultra-high kunye ne-LED chips kunye, evumela imibala eyahlukeneyo ngaphandle kwesidingo sezihluzo. Kuquka ezibomvu, eziorenji, ezityheli, eziluhlaza, neziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ukusebenza kwazo kakuhle kokukhanya kuye kwagqitha oko kwezibane ze-incandescent kwaye kusondele kwezo zibane ezihamba phambili zefluorescent. Ukukhanya okukhanyayo kudlule kwi-1000mcd, enokuthi ihlangabezane neemfuno zemozulu yonke yangaphandle kunye nomboniso ogcwele umbala. Isikrini esikhulu sombala we-LED sinokumela isibhakabhaka nolwandle, kwaye sifezekise oopopayi be-3D. Isizukulwana esitsha se-LEDs ezibomvu, eziluhlaza, kunye neblue ultra-high ukuqaqamba okungazange kubonwe ngaphambili

2, Ukusetyenziswa kokukhanya okuphezulu okuphezulu kwe-LED:
Isalathiso somqondiso wemoto: Izibane zesalathiso semoto ngaphandle kwemoto zizibane eziphambili, izibane zasemva, kunye nezibane zebrake; Ingaphakathi lemoto lisebenza ikakhulu njengokukhanya kunye nokubonisa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo. Ukukhanya okuphezulu kwe-Ultra ye-LED ineenzuzo ezininzi xa kuthelekiswa nezibane zendabuko ze-incandescent zezibane ze-automotive indicator, kwaye inemarike ebanzi kushishino lweemoto. Ii-LEDs ziyakwazi ukumelana nokutshatyalaliswa komatshini kunye nokungcangcazela. Ubomi obuqhelekileyo bokusebenza kwe-MTBF yezibane ze-brake ze-LED zi-odolo ezininzi zobukhulu obuphezulu kunobu be-incandescent bulbs, budlula kakhulu ubomi bokusebenza bemoto ngokwayo. Ngoko ke, izibane ze-brake ze-LED zinokupakishwa ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle kokuqwalasela ukugcinwa. I-substrate ye-Transparent Al GaAs kunye ne-AlInGaPLED zinokukhanya okuphezulu ngokubonakalayo xa kuthelekiswa neebhalbhu ze-incandescent ezinezihluzi, ezivumela izibane ze-LED ze-brake kunye neempawu ezijikayo ukuba zisebenze kwimisinga yokuqhuba ephantsi, i-1/4 kuphela ye-incandescent bulbs, ngaloo ndlela inciphisa umgama ezinokuhamba iimoto. Amandla ombane asezantsi nawo anokunciphisa umthamo kunye nobunzima benkqubo yocingo yangaphakathi yemoto, ngelixa ikwanciphisa ukunyuka kweqondo lokushisa kwangaphakathi kwezibane ezidibeneyo ze-LED, okuvumela ukusetyenziswa kweeplastiki ezinokumelana nokushisa okuphantsi kweelensi kunye nezindlu. Ixesha lokuphendula izibane ze-brake ze-LED zi-100ns, ezifutshane kunezibane ze-incandescent, ezishiya ixesha elingakumbi lokuphendula kubaqhubi kunye nokuphucula ukhuseleko lokuqhuba. Ukukhanya kunye nombala wezibane zesalathisi zangaphandle zemoto zichazwe ngokucacileyo. Nangona umboniso wokukhanyisa wangaphakathi weemoto awulawulwa ngamasebe karhulumente afanelekileyo njengezibane zezibonakaliso zangaphandle, abavelisi beemoto baneemfuno zombala kunye nokukhanya kwee-LED. I-GaPLED kudala isetyenziswa ezimotweni, kwaye ukukhanya kwe-ultra-high i-AlGaInP kunye ne-InGaNFED iya kuthatha indawo ye-incandescent bulbs kwiimoto ngenxa yokukwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zabavelisi ngokombala kunye nokukhanya. Ukusuka kwixabiso lentengo, nangona izibane ze-LED zisabiza kakhulu xa zithelekiswa nezibane ze-incandescent, akukho mahluko abalulekileyo kwixabiso phakathi kweenkqubo ezimbini zizonke. Ngophuhliso olubonakalayo lokuqaqamba okuphakamileyo kwe-TSAlGaAs kunye nee-AlGaInP LEDs, amaxabiso ebelokhu ehla ngokuqhubekayo kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kwaye ubungakanani bokuhla buya kuba bukhulu ngakumbi kwixesha elizayo.

Isibonakaliso somqondiso wethrafikhi: Ukusebenzisa ii-ultra-high ukukhanya kwe-LED endaweni yezibane ze-incandescent zokukhanyisa izibane zendlela, izibane ezilumkisayo, kunye nezibane zemiqondiso ngoku zisasazeke kulo lonke ihlabathi, kunye nemarike ebanzi kunye nemfuno ekhula ngokukhawuleza. Ngokutsho kweenkcukacha-manani zeSebe Lezothutho laseUnited States ngowe-1994, kwakukho iindlela ezingama-260000 eUnited States apho kwafakelwa khona imiqondiso yendlela, yaye indawo nganye engenelayo ifanele ibe nemiqondiso yendlela ubuncinane eli-12 ebomvu, emthubi, neluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Iindlela ezininzi zikwanazo iimpawu ezongezelelweyo zokutshintsha kunye nezibane ezilumkisa abahambi ngeenyawo zokuwela indlela. Ngale ndlela, kusenokubakho iirobhothi ezingama-20 kwindawo nganye yokuhlangana, yaye kufuneka zikhanyise ngaxeshanye. Kunokuthatyathelwa ukuba kukho malunga ne-135 yezigidi zerobhothi eUnited States. Okwangoku, ukusetyenziswa kwe-ultra-high ukukhanya kwe-LEDs ukutshintsha izibane zendabuko ze-incandescent kuphumelele iziphumo ezibalulekileyo ekunciphiseni ukulahlekelwa kwamandla. I-Japan idla malunga ne-1 yezigidi ze-kilowatts zombane ngonyaka kwizibane zendlela, kwaye emva kokutshintsha ii-incandescent bulbs kunye ne-ultra-high ukukhanya kwe-LED, ukusetyenziswa kwayo kombane yi-12% kuphela ye-original.
Abasemagunyeni abafanelekileyo belizwe ngalinye kufuneka bamisele imimiselo ehambelanayo yezibane zemiqondiso yendlela, ichaze umbala wophawu, ubuncinci bokukhanya, ipatheni yosasazo lwendawo yomqadi, kunye neemfuno zendawo yokufakela. Nangona ezi mfuno zisekelwe kwiibhalbhu ze-incandescent, zisebenza ngokubanzi kwizibane ze-LED ze-LED ezisetyenziswayo ngoku. Xa kuthelekiswa nezibane ze-incandescent, izibane ze-LED zinobomi obude bokusebenza, ngokubanzi ukuya kwi-10 iminyaka. Ukuqwalasela impembelelo yeendawo ezinqabileyo zangaphandle, ubude obulindelekileyo kufuneka buncitshiswe kwiminyaka emi-5-6. Okwangoku, ukuqaqamba okuphezulu kakhulu kwe-AlGaInP ebomvu, i-orenji, kunye ne-LED etyheli yenziwe kushishino kwaye ayibizi kakhulu. Ukuba iimodyuli ezenziwe ngombala obomvu we-ultra-high ukukhanya kwe-LED zisetyenziselwa ukubuyisela iintloko ze-traffic incandescent eziqhelekileyo ezibomvu, impembelelo kukhuseleko olubangelwa ukusilela ngokukhawuleza kwezibane ezibomvu ze-incandescent zingancitshiswa. Imodyuli ye-LED eqhelekileyo yophawu lwetrafikhi iquka iiseti ezininzi zezibane ze-LED eziqhagamshelweyo. Ukuthatha i-12 intshi ebomvu imodyuli ye-LED ye-traffic traffic njengomzekelo, kwiiseti ze-3-9 zezibane ze-LED ezixhunyiwe, inani lezibane ze-LED ezixhunyiwe kwisethi nganye yi-70-75 (i-210-675 iyonke izibane ze-LED). Xa ukukhanya kwe-LED enye ihluleka, kuya kuchaphazela kuphela isethi enye yezibonakaliso, kwaye iiseti eziseleyo ziya kuncitshiswa zibe yi-2/3 (67%) okanye i-8/9 (89%) ye-original, ngaphandle kokubangela ukuba yonke intloko yesignali ingaphumeleli. njengezibane ze-incandescent.
Ingxaki enkulu kwiimodyuli ze-LED ze-traffic signal kukuba iindleko zokuvelisa zisephezulu. Ukuthatha i-intshi ye-12 ye-TS AlGaAs imodyuli ye-LED ye-traffic ebomvu njengomzekelo, yaqala ukusetyenziswa kwi-1994 ngexabiso le-350 yeedola. Ngo-1996, i-intshi ye-12 ye-intshi ye-AlGaInP yemodyuli ye-traffic ye-LED kunye nokusebenza okungcono kuneendleko ze-200 yeedola.

Kulindeleke ukuba kwixesha elizayo elingekude, ixabiso le-InGaN blue-green LED iimodyuli zetrafikhi yetrafikhi iya kuthelekiswa ne-AlGaInP. Nangona ixabiso leentloko ze-incandescent ze-traffic signal liphantsi, zisebenzisa umbane omningi. Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwe-intshi ye-intshi ye-12 ye-incandescent ye-incandescent yentloko yesignali ye-incandescent yi-150W, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla okukhanya kwesilumkiso se-traffic ukuwela indlela kunye ne-sideway yi-67W. Ngokwezibalo, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngonyaka kwezibane zesignali ye-incandescent kwi-intersection nganye yi-18133KWh, ilingana nebhilidi yombane yonyaka ye-1450 yeedola; Nangona kunjalo, iimodyuli ze-LED ze-traffic signal zinamandla kakhulu, kunye ne-8-12 intshi nganye ebomvu imodyuli ye-traffic ye-LED edla i-15W kunye ne-20W yombane ngokulandelanayo. Iimpawu ze-LED kwii-intersections zingaboniswa ngokutshintsha kweentolo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla kwe-9W kuphela. Ngokwezibalo, ukudibana ngakunye kunokonga i-9916KWh yombane ngonyaka, ngokulingana nokugcina i-793 yeedola kwiibhili zombane ngonyaka. Ngokusekelwe kwixabiso eliqhelekileyo le-$ 200 ngemodyuli ye-traffic ye-LED, imodyuli ye-LED ye-traffic ye-traffic ebomvu inokubuyisela iindleko zayo zokuqala emva kweminyaka eyi-3 isebenzisa kuphela umbane ogciniweyo, kwaye iqale ukufumana imbuyekezo yezoqoqosho eqhubekayo. Ngoko ke, okwangoku usebenzisa i-AlGaInLED iimodyuli zolwazi lwezithuthi, nangona iindleko zingabonakala ziphezulu, zisasebenza kakuhle kwixesha elide.