1. Impembelelo ye-Photobiological
Ukuxoxa ngomba wokhuseleko lwe-photobiological, inyathelo lokuqala kukucacisa iziphumo ze-photobiological. Abaphengululi abahlukeneyo baneenkcazo ezahlukeneyo zeconnotation ye-photobiological effects, enokuthi ibhekiselele kwintsebenziswano eyahlukeneyo phakathi kokukhanya kunye nezinto eziphilayo. Kweli nqaku, sixoxa kuphela ngokuphendula komzimba womntu obangelwa kukukhanya.
Impembelelo yeempembelelo ze-photobiological kumzimba womntu zininzi. Ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo kunye neziphumo zeziphumo ze-photobiological, zinokwahlulwa ngokwezigaba ezintathu: iziphumo zokubonwayo zokukhanya, iziphumo ezingabonakaliyo zokukhanya, kunye neziphumo zemitha yokukhanya.
Impembelelo yembonakalo yokukhanya ibhekisa kwisiphumo sokukhanya embonweni, eyona mpembelelo yokukhanya. Impilo ebonakalayo yeyona nto ifunekayo ekukhanyeni. Izinto ezichaphazela ukubonakala kokukhanya zibandakanya ukukhanya, ukusabalalisa kwendawo, ukunikezelwa kombala, ukukhanya, iimpawu zombala, iimpawu ze-flicker, njl., ezinokubangela ukukhathala kwamehlo, ukungaboni kakuhle, kunye nokunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwimisebenzi ehambelana nokubonwayo.
Iziphumo ezingabonakaliyo zokukhanya zibhekiselele kwintshukumo yomzimba kunye nengokwengqondo yomzimba womntu ebangelwa kukukhanya, enxulumene nokusebenza kakuhle kwabantu, imvakalelo yokhuseleko, intuthuzelo, impilo yomzimba kunye neemvakalelo. Uphando kwiziphumo ezingabonakaliyo zokukhanya luqale emva kwexesha, kodwa lukhule ngokukhawuleza. Kwinkqubo yanamhlanje yokuvavanya umgangatho wokukhanya, iziphumo ezingabonakaliyo zokukhanya zibe yinto ebalulekileyo engenakuhoywa.
Impembelelo yemitha yokukhanya ibhekisa kumonakalo owenziwe kwizicubu zomntu ziimpembelelo zamaza ahlukeneyo okukhanya kwemitha eluswini, kwi-cornea, ilens, retina, kunye namanye amalungu omzimba. Impembelelo yokukhanya yokukhanya inokwahlulwa ibe ngamacandelo amabini ngokusekwe kwindlela yokusebenza kwayo: umonakalo wefotochemical kunye nomonakalo wemitha ye-thermal. Ngokukodwa, ibandakanya iingozi ezahlukeneyo ezifana neengozi zeekhemikhali ze-UV ezivela kwimithombo yokukhanya, iingozi zokukhanya eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kunye nobungozi bolusu lobushushu.
Umzimba womntu unokuchasa ngandlela ithile okanye ulungise iziphumo zokulimala, kodwa xa impembelelo yemitha yokukhanya ifikelela kumda othile, amandla omzimba wokuzilungisa akwanelanga ukulungisa oku kwenzakala, kwaye umonakalo uya kuqokeleleka, okukhokelela kwiziphumo ezingenakulungiseka. njengokulahleka kombono, izilonda ze-retinal, umonakalo wolusu, njl.
Lilonke, kukho intsebenziswano yezinto ezininzi ezintsonkothileyo kunye neendlela ezilungileyo nezingalunganga zokuphendula phakathi kwempilo yabantu kunye nokusingqongileyo okukhanyayo. Iimpembelelo zokukhanya kwizinto eziphilayo, ngakumbi kumzimba womntu, zihambelana nezinto ezahlukeneyo ezifana nobude be-wavelength, ukuqina, iimeko zokusebenza, kunye nemeko yezinto eziphilayo.
Injongo yokufunda iziphumo ze-photobiology kukuphonononga izinto ezinxulumeneyo phakathi kweziphumo ze-photobiology kunye nokusingqongileyo okukhanyayo kunye nemeko yebhayoloji, chonga imingcipheko enokuthi yenzakalisa impilo kunye nemiba efanelekileyo enokuthi isetyenziswe, ukukhangela izibonelelo kwaye uphephe ingozi, kunye nokwenza udibaniso olunzulu lwe-optics kunye nesayensi yobomi.

2. Photobiosafety
Ingcamango ye-photobiosafety inokuqondwa ngeendlela ezimbini: incinci kwaye ibanzi. Ukuchazwa kancinci, "i-photobiosafety" ibhekisa kwimiba yokhuseleko ebangelwa yimpembelelo yemitha yokukhanya, ngelixa ichazwa ngokubanzi, "i-photobiosafety" ibhekisa kwimiba yokhuseleko ebangelwa kukukhanya kwemitha kwimpilo yabantu, kubandakanya imbonakalo yokukhanya, iziphumo ezingabonakaliyo zokukhanya. , kunye neziphumo zemitha yokukhanya.
Kwinkqubo yophando ekhoyo ye-photobiosafety, into yophando ye-photobiosafety kukukhanyisa okanye izixhobo zokubonisa, kwaye ekujoliswe kuyo kwi-photobiosafety ngamalungu afana namehlo okanye ulusu lomzimba womntu, abonakaliswe njengotshintsho kwiiparamitha ze-physiological ezifana nobushushu bomzimba kunye nobubanzi bomfundi. . Uphando malunga ne-photobiosafety ikakhulu lujolise kwiindlela ezintathu eziphambili: umlinganiselo kunye novavanyo lwemitha ye-photobiosafety eveliswa yimithombo yokukhanya, ubudlelwane bobungakanani phakathi kwe-photoradiation kunye nokuphendula komntu, kunye nokunciphisa kunye neendlela zokukhusela kwi-photobiosafety radiation.
Imitha yokukhanya eveliswa yimithombo yokukhanya eyahlukeneyo iyahluka ngokobunzulu, usasazo lwesithuba, kunye ne-spectrum. Ngophuhliso lwezixhobo zokukhanyisa kunye nobuchwepheshe bokukhanyisa obukrelekrele, imithombo emitsha yokukhanya ekrelekrele efana nemithombo yokukhanya ye-LED, imithombo yokukhanya ye-OLED, kunye nemithombo yokukhanya ye-laser iya kusetyenziswa ngokuthe ngcembe kwikhaya, urhwebo, unyango, iofisi, okanye iimeko zokukhanyisa ezikhethekileyo. Xa kuthelekiswa nemithombo yokukhanya yemveli, imithombo yokukhanya emitsha ekrelekrele inamandla anamandla emitha kunye nobuchule obuphezulu be-spectral. Ke ngoko, enye yezalathiso eziphambili kuphando lokhuseleko lwe-photobiological kuphononongo lomlinganiselo okanye iindlela zovavanyo zokhuseleko lwefotoyoloji yemithombo emitsha yokukhanya, njengofundo lokhuseleko lwebhayoloji yezibane zemoto zelaser kunye nenkqubo yovavanyo lwempilo yabantu kunye nokuthuthuzela. yeemveliso zokukhanyisa ze-semiconductor.
Iintshukumo zefiziyoloji ezibangelwa ngamaza ohlukeneyo okukhanya kwemitha esebenza kumalungu okanye kwizicubu zabantu ezahlukeneyo nazo ziyahluka. Njengoko umzimba womntu uyinkqubo entsonkothileyo, ukuchaza ngokobungakanani ubudlelwane phakathi kwemitha yokukhanya kunye nokuphendula komntu kukwayenye yezalathiso ezibukhali kuphando lwe-photobiosafety, njengempembelelo kunye nokusetyenziswa kokukhanya kwizingqisho zomzimba womntu, kunye nomba wokukhanya. Ubungakanani bedosi ebangela iziphumo ezingabonakaliyo.
Injongo yokwenza uphando malunga nokhuseleko lwe-photobiological kukuphepha ingozi ebangelwa kukuvezwa komntu kwimitha yokukhanya. Ke ngoko, ngokusekwe kwiziphumo zophando kukhuseleko lwebhayoloji yefoto kunye neziphumo zebhayoloji yemithombo yokukhanya, imigangatho yokukhanya ehambelanayo kunye neendlela zokukhusela ziyacetywa, kwaye kucetywa ukhuseleko kunye nezempilo izikimu zoyilo lwemveliso, ekwayenye yeendlela eziphambili zefoto. uphando lokhuseleko lwebhayoloji, olufana noyilo lweenkqubo zokukhanyisa ezempilo kwiziphekepheke ezinkulu ezinamadoda, uphando malunga nezibane zezempilo kunye neenkqubo zokubonisa, kunye nophando kwitekhnoloji yokusetyenziswa kweefilimu ezikhusela ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwimpilo ekhanyayo kunye nokhuseleko olulula.

3. Iibhendi ze-Photobiosafety kunye neendlela
Uluhlu lweebhanti zemitha yokukhanya ezibandakanyekayo kukhuseleko lwe-photobiological ikakhulu lubandakanya amaza ombane osuka kuma-200nm ukuya kuma-3000nm. Ngokokuhlelwa kwe-wavelength, imitha yokukhanya inokwahlulwa ikakhulu ibe yimitha ye-ultraviolet, imitha yokukhanya ebonakalayo, kunye nemitha ye-infrared. Iziphumo zomzimba eziveliswa yimitha ye-electromagnetic yamaza ahlukeneyo obude azifani ngokupheleleyo.
Imitha ye-Ultraviolet ibhekisa kwimitha ye-electromagnetic enobude obuyi-100nm-400nm. Iliso lomntu alikwazi ukubona ubukho bemitha ye-ultraviolet, kodwa imisebe ye-ultraviolet inempembelelo enkulu kwi-physiology yabantu. Xa imitha ye-ultraviolet ifakwe esikhumbeni, inokubangela i-vasodilation, ekhokelela ekubeni bomvu. Ukuboniswa ixesha elide kunokubangela ukoma, ukulahleka kwe-elasticity, kunye nokuguga kolusu. Xa imitha ye-ultraviolet isetyenziswe emehlweni, inokubangela i-keratitis, i-conjunctivitis, i-cataracts, njl., ebangela umonakalo emehlweni.
Imitha yokukhanya ebonakalayo ibhekisa kumaza ombane anobude obusuka kuma-380-780nm. Iziphumo zomzimba zokukhanya okubonakalayo kumzimba womntu zibandakanya ukutshisa kwesikhumba, i-erythema, kunye nomonakalo wamehlo njengokulimala kwe-thermal kunye ne-retinitis ebangelwa ukukhanya kwelanga. Ngokukodwa ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okunamandla aphezulu ukusuka kwi-400nm ukuya kwi-500nm kunokubangela umonakalo we-photochemical kwi-retina kunye nokukhawulezisa i-oxidation yeeseli kwindawo ye-macular. Ngoko ke, kukholelwa ngokubanzi ukuba ukukhanya okuluhlaza kokona kuyingozi kakhulu ukukhanya okubonakalayo.